Other Phoenician settlements have been found at Cape Sant'Elia. This was also the site of the Roman Portus Scipio, and when Arab pirates raided the area in the 8th century it became the refuge for people fleeing from the city. The Phoenician settlement was located in the Stagno di Santa Gilla, west of the present centre of Cagliari. Its founding is linked to its position along communication routes with Africa as well as to its excellent port. It almost certainly does not come from the Phoenician language, but it has some similarities with other Sardinian or Asia Minor toponyms. Karaly ( Punic: □□□□, KRLY) was established around the 8th/7th century BC as one of a string of Phoenician colonies in Sardinia, including Tharros. Is Centu Scalas ("a hundred steps"), the Roman amphitheatre of Cagliari It is also the seat of the University of Cagliari, founded in 1607, and of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cagliari, since the 5th century AD. It is also Sardinia's economic and industrial hub, having one of the biggest ports in the Mediterranean Sea, an international airport, and the 106th highest income level in Italy (among 8,092 comuni), comparable to that of several northern Italian cities. Today the city is a regional cultural, educational, political and artistic centre, known for its diverse Art Nouveau architecture and several monuments. Its natural resources have always been its sheltered harbour, the often powerfully fortified hill of Castel di Castro, the modern Casteddu, the salt from its lagoons, and, from the hinterland, wheat from the Campidano plain and silver and other ores from the Iglesiente mines.Ĭagliari was the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia from 1324 to 1848, when Turin became the formal capital of the kingdom (which in 1861 became the Kingdom of Italy). Historical sites include the prehistoric Domus de Janas, very damaged by cave activity, a large Carthaginian era necropolis, a Roman era amphitheatre, a Byzantine basilica, three Pisan-era towers and a strong system of fortification that made the town the core of Spanish Habsburg imperial power in the western Mediterranean Sea. Under the buildings of the modern city there is a continuous stratification attesting to human settlement over the course of some five thousand years, from the Neolithic to today. Cagliari is the 26th largest city in Italy and the largest city on the island of Sardinia.Īn ancient city with a long history, Cagliari has seen the rule of several civilisations. According to Eurostat, the population of the Functional urban area, the commuting zone of Cagliari, rises to 476,975. It has about 155,000 inhabitants, while its metropolitan city (including Cagliari and 16 other nearby municipalities) has more than 431,000 inhabitants. Cagliari's Sardinian name Casteddu means castle. Cagliari ( / k æ l ˈ j ɑːr i/, also UK: / ˌ k æ l i ˈ ɑːr i, ˈ k æ l j ə r i/, US: / ˈ k ɑː l j ə r i/, Italian: ( listen) Sardinian: Casteddu Latin: Caralis) is an Italian municipality and the capital of the island of Sardinia, an autonomous region of Italy.
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